IS 235 : Legal Issues in Information Management

Administrivia

Teaching Team 

Instructor Jason Schultz

Email: Jason@eff.org

Office number: (415) 436-9333 x 112

Course Description

The class will run three hours. Each class will be divided into two parts, with a 10-minute break. For each class, a pre-assigned group of students will be "on call" to help guide class discussion. Grades will be based primarily on written work in the form of either two short papers or one longer paper. Class participation is encouraged and will be used to resolve grades that are on the border between two marks.

The emergence of global digital networks, such as the Internet, and digital technologies that enhance human abilities to access, store, manipulate, and transmit vast amounts of information has brought with it a host of new legal issues that lawyers preparing to practice in the 21st century will need to understand and address. Although many are trying to "map" existing legal concepts onto problems arising in cyberspace, it is becoming increasingly evident that this strategy sometimes doesn't work. In some cases, it is necessary to go back to first principles to understand how to accomplish the purposes of existing law in digital networked environments. The course will explore specific problems in applying law to cyberspace in areas such as intellectual property, privacy, content control, and the bounds of jurisdiction. Students with familiarity with the Internet and its resources or with backgrounds in some of the substantive fields explored in this course are especially welcome, but there are no formal prerequisites. Grades for the course will be based either on a series of short papers or on a supervised term paper.

This is a MOT related course.

Course Information

School of Information Management and Systems INFOSYS 235

Course Dates: January 20 to May 5, 2004

Lecture Schedule: Thursday 3:30am-6:30am in 202 South Hall

Units: 3

Grading Option: Letter Grade or Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory or Pass/Not Pass

Course Text

Required

Software and Internet Law (2nd Edition), Mark A. Lemly, Peter S. Menell, Robert P. Merges and Pamela Samuelson. Aspen Publishing, 2003.

Course Work

January 20 : Thursday

Introduction to the Course 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

"One Internet, Many Copyright Laws" Victoria Shannon [Online]

New York Times Online (November 8, 2004)

"And How Shall the Net Be Governed? A Meditation on the Relative Virtues of Decentralized, Emergent Law" David R. Johnson and David G. Post [Reader, casebook at 1019-33]

"An Introduction to the "governance" of the Internet" Michael Froomkin [Online]

Recommended Readings

"Copyright's Communication Policy" Tim Wu [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Who should decide how the Internet is to be governed?
  2. What process would seem fair to you for governing the Internet?
  3. How should disputes between governance policies be resolved?
    1. What role should Law play vs. Ethics vs. Markets vs. Social Norms?
  4. What mechanisms should be used to enforce governance decisions?
  5. How should different cultural values be respected online?

January 27 : Thursday

Indecent Speech on the Internet 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

Reno v. ACLU, 117 S.Ct. 2329 (1997) [Online, casebook at 809-825]

Ashcroft v. ACLU ("Ashcroft II"), 124 S.Ct. 2783 (2004) [Online, Read only the Majority opinion and Breyer's dissent]

Recommended Readings

"The Law of the Horse" Lawrence Lessig [Online, 501]

Harvard Law Rev. 113 (1999)

American Library Ass'n, Inc. v. United States (2002) [Online]

EFF Amicus in Nitke v. Ashcroft [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Were ACLU v. Reno and Ashcroft v. ACLU consistent in their approach to Internet governance?
  2. Under these decisions what, if anything, can Congress do to limit what children can view on the Internet?
  3. How does one define the standards of a community in cyberspace?
  4. What mechanisms should we use, if any, to enforce those standard? (Consider both legal and technological means).

February 3 : Thursday

Conflicting National Regulations in a Global Internet Environment 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

League Against Racism and Antisemitism v. Yahoo! Inc., County Court of Paris (2000) [Online]

"The Yahoo Case and the International Democratization of the Internet" Joel Reidenberg [Online]

Fordham Law and Economics Research Paper No.11 (April 2001)

Yahoo v. LICRA, WL 1873646 9th Cir. (2004) [Online]

Recommended Readings

Readings on the Great Chinese Firewall [Online]

Readings on the Great Chinese Firewall [Online]

Readings on the Great Chinese Firewall [Online]

Cybersell v. Cybersell, 130 F.3d 414 9th Cir. (1997) [Online, casebook at 584-591]

Dow Jones v. Gutnick [Online]

Norway shuts down anti-Bush site [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Do you agree with Reidenberg that the French Yahoo! decision was good for Internet democracy? Why or why not?
    1. Does his solution scale? What does this look like if it does?
    2. How would this affect other aspects of the Internet, e.g. email, file transfers (e.g. Peer to Peer or FTP), Internet telephone calls (e.g. VoIP)?
  2. What duty should online service providers like Yahoo have to enforce these rules?
  3. Why do you think Yahoo chose to pull the material rather than use filters?
  4. Do you agree that Yahoo should be subject to French jurisdiction over content hosted on U.S. based servers?
  5. Should sales of Nazi memorabilia be treated differently than sales of used underwear, pet hamsters, or NFL gambling ads?
    a. What about web pages claiming the Holocaust was a hoax vs. other web pages with false information?
  6. Do we lose anything if we allow a "segregated" Internet?

February 10 : Thursday

Legal Efforts to Protect Digital Privacy 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

U.S. v. Councilman, No. 03-1383 (2004) [Online, Read majority opinion only]

"Cyberspace and Privacy: A New Legal Paradigm? The Death of Privacy?" Michael Froomkin [Online, Read only pages 1463-1490]

52 Stanford L. Rev. 1461 (2000)

Smyth v. Pillsbury Co., 914 F.Supp. 97 E.D. Pa (1996) [Online, casebook at 869-872]

Konop v. Hawaiian Airlines, Inc., 302 F.3d 868 9th Cir. (2002) [Online, casebook at 872-880]

Full opinion at caselaw.lp.findlaw.com

Recommended Readings

"Privacy as Intellectual Property?" Pamela Samuelson [Online, 1125]

52 Stanford L. Rev. 52 (2000)

"Information Privacy in Cyberspace Transactions" Jerry Kang [Online, 1193]

Stan. L. Rev. 50 (1998)

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. What is privacy?
    1. How do we define it?
    2. Is it different in the physical world vs. the online world?
    3. In email vs. while web surfing?
    4. How do we enforce privacy protections in the physical world?
  2. Do these cases come out the right way to protect privacy?
    1. Are there downsides to the approaches these courts took?
  3. What future challenges to privacy should we be prepared for?

February 17 : Thursday

Technological Protections for Digital Privacy 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

"Why Cryptography Is Harder Than It Looks" Bruce Schneier [Online]

Onion Routing as a tool for anonymity [Online]

"Privacy-enhancing Technologies for the Internet" Ian Goldberg, David Wagner and Eric Brewer [Online]

FTC Report on Online Privacy, Fair Information Practice Principles [Online]

Platform for Privacy Preferences [Online]

"Pretty Poor Privacy: An Assessment of P3P and Internet Privacy" Electronic Privacy Information Center and Junkbusters [Online]

Recommended Readings

"The Web Bug FAQ" Richard M. Smith [Online]

"Protecting Free Expression Online with Freenet" IEEE Internet Computing [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Strong encryption has been available to protect online privacy for almost a decade now.
    a. Why don't more people use it?
  2. Will P3P work? Will anything?
  3. Is Schneier right?
  4. How do these technologies affect enforcement of cases like Yahoo! France or ACLU v. Ashcroft?
  5. Are there any downsides to protecting privacy on the Internet?
    1. Do they displace any of the benefits?

February 24 : Thursday

Liability for Posting Information Unlawfully Obtained by Others 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

Bartnicki v. Vopper, 200 F.3d 109 (2001) [Online, casebook at 894-903]

Full decision at supct.law.cornell.edu

Pavlovich v. Superior Court, 29 Cal.4th 262 (2002) [Online, Read pages 1-20 of majority opinion, pages 1-2 of dissent]

DVD-CCA v. Bunner, 116 Cal.App.4th 241; 6th App. (2004) [Online]

Recommended Readings

RTC v. Lerma, 908 F.Supp. 1362; E.D.Va. (1995) [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Is one's duty re: stolen property found on the street the same as one's duty re: stolen information found on the web?
  2. Can a trade secret ever be protected if it is posted to the Internet?
  3. The Bunner case was dismissed before reaching trial after the preliminary injunction was denied.
    1. What do you think would have happened at trial?
    2. What evidence do you think DVD-CCA could have put forth to support its trade secret claim, if any?
  4. How do these rules comport with the privacy rules we attempt to enforce?

March 3 : Thursday

Much Ado About SPAM 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

"Consumer Attitudes Toward Spam in the United Kingdom" Business Software Alliance [Online]

CompuServe, Inc. v. Cyberpromotions, Inc., 962 F. Supp. 1015; S.D. Ohio (1997) [Online, casebook at 921-929]

Ferguson v. Friendfinders, Inc., 115 Cal.Rptr.2d 258 (2002) [Online, casebook at 929-938]

Full decision at http://www.spamlaws.com

Watchtower Bible & Tract Society v. Village of Stratton, 122 S.Ct. 2080 (2002) [Online, read majority opinion only]

The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 [Online]

The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 [Online]

FTC Definition of "commercial electronic mail message" and "primary purpose" of an e-mail [Online]

Microsoft, Sender ID for E-mail [Online]

Yahoo, Domain Keys [Online]

ACLU of Georgia v. Miller, 977 F. Supp. 1228; N.D. Ga. (1997) [Online]

"Of Blackholes and Decentralized Lawmaking in Cyberspace" David Post [Online]

2 Vand. J. Ent. L. & Prac. (2000)

Recommended Readings

"Spam in the Information Society: Building Frameworks for International Cooperation" Claudia Sarrocco [Online]

ACLU of Georgia v. Miller, 977 F. Supp. 1228; N.D. Ga. (1997) [Online]

striking down state law forbidding anonymous or pseudonymous communications

Resources

Questions to Consider (Part One)

  1. What are the negative impacts on society of spam, if any?
  2. Compare the court's approach in CompuServe with the CAN-SPAM Act. What are the pros and cons of each?
  3. How do you square the rule in Watchtower Bible with CAN-SPAM? Does CAN-SPAM survive under a Watchtower challenge?
  4. What is the difference between spam and physical junk mail?
    a. Between spam and roadside billboards?
    b. Between spam and ads on buses?

Questions to Consider (Part Two)

  1. Can technological solutions solve the spam problem?
  2. What harm, if any, could they cause to innocent parties?
  3. Even if they do harm innocent parties, should we still use these technological solutions?

March 10 : Thursday

Copyright in Cyberspace: Why Digital Makes a Difference 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

"The Copyright Grab" Pamela Samuelson [Online, 135]

WIRED 4.01 (1996)

"The Economy of Ideas" John Perry Barlow [Online, 84]

WIRED 2.03 (1994)

Recommended Readings

Rip, Mix, Burn, Sue: Technology, Politics, and the Fight to Control Digital Media, 2004 Princeton Univerisity President's Lecture, Edward Felten [Online]

Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure: Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights (Sept. 1995) [Online]

WIPO Copyright Treaty [Online]

"Digital Copyright" Jessica Litman [Handout]

"From Patchwork to Network: Strategies for International Intellectual Property in Flux" Paul Edward Geller [Online, 553]

Vand. J. Transn'l L. 31 (1998)

Resources

Digital Remix Material To Review for Class (Check out at least three)

Questions to Consider

  1. Barlow wrote his essay for Wired in 1994.
    1. What has changed since he wrote this essay?
    2. How was he right?
    3. How was he wrong?
  2. Do we need new rules for copyright because of digital media?
    1. How will we know if we do or don't?
    2. Is there any empirical evidence we should examine?
  3. Should any of the digital remix examples be illegal without permission?
    1. If so, why?
  4. Should any of the original artists be compensated for the material used in the remixes?
    1. If so, how?
  5. hat rights, if any, should Marvel have to stop COH players from creating their favorite superhero in the game?
    a. How is this different than making a Halloween costume of your favorite hero?

March 17 : Thursday

Copyright Liability for Intermediaries on the Internet 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

17 USC 512 [Online]

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. v. Grokster, ___ F.3d ___; 9th Cir. (2004) [Online]

Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp., 336 F.3d 811; 9th Cir. (2003) [Online]

Perfect 10, Inc. v. Visa Int'l Service Assoc., N.D. Cal. (2004) [Online]

"Holding Internet Service Providers Accountable" Douglas Lichtman and Eric Posner [Online, pp. 1-31]

Recommended Readings

CoStar Group Inc., v. Loopnet, ___ F.3d ___; 4th Cir. (2004) [Online]

Online Policy Group et al. v. Diebold, Inc., ___ F.Supp.2d __; N.D. Cal. (2004) [Online]

In re: Aimster Copyright Litigation, 7th cir. (2003) [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. What responsible, if any, should intermediates have for copyright infringement online?
  2. What is the most efficient way to enforce copyrights online?
    1. What are the pros?
    2. What are the cons?
  3. Who is more persuasive, Lichtman and Posner, the Ninth Circuit in Grokster, or the Visa court?

March 24 : Thursday : Spring Recess

Holiday: Spring Break 

March 31 : Thursday

Other Liabilities for Intermediaries on the Internet 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

Zeran v. America OnLine, Inc., 129 F.3d 327; 4th Cir. (1997) [Online, casebook at 799-805]

Blumenthal v. Drudge, 992 F. Supp. 44; D.D.C. (1998) [Online, casebook at 805-808]

Barrett v. Rosenthal, 114 Cal.App.4th 1379, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 142 (cert granted) (2004) [Online, Read Background through Section III.A (discussion of section 230 immunity)]

Recommended Readings

"Comparative Institutional Analysis in Cyberspace: The Case of Intermediary Liability for Defamation" Susan Friewald [Handout, 558]

Harv. J. L.& Tech. 14 (2001)

"Fencing Cyberspace: Drawing Borders in a Virtual World" Maureen O'Rourke [Handout, 609]

Minn. L. Rev. 82 (1998)

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Should defamation be treated differently with respect to intermediaries than intellectual property violations? Why or why not?
  2. Do you agree with the approach in Zeran or Barrett more?
  3. If you were an online publisher, how would you design your system to handle content?
    1. From staff writers
    2. From freelance writers
    3. Comments from the public

April 7 : Thursday

The Rising Use of Technical Measures to Protect Digital Content 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

"DRM Talk for Microsoft Research" Cory Doctorow [Online]

HBO CGMS-A announcement [Online]

"Has TiVo forsaken us?" Lucas Graves [Online]

Wired (Nov. 2004)

"Trusted Computing: Promise and Risk" Seth Schoen [Online]

Recommended Readings

"Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Digital Rights Management But Were Afraid to Ask" Mike Godwin [Online, pp. 1-17]

Electronic Privacy Information Center, Digital Rights Management and Privacy [Online]

The NSF Middleware Initiative and Digital Rights Management Workshop [Online]

Ross Anderson's FAQ on the Trusted Computing Platform Alliance and Palladium [Online]

Content Protection Status Report [Online]

Hollywood wants to plug the analog hole [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Do content or technology companies have the right to control content that consumers purchase and use in the privacy of their own homes?
  2. Is DRM a good business model for content companies?
    1. For technology companies?
  3. Can DRM be pro-consumer?
    1. If so, what would such a system look like?
    2. Can DRM be programmed to respect concepts like fair use or the idea-expression dichotomy?
  4. Do consumers have any inalienable rights re: Content and DRM?

April 14 : Thursday

Enforcing Digital Technical Protection Measures 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

"Intellectual Property and the Digital Economy: Why the Anti-Circumvention Regulations Need to Be Revised" Pamela Samuelson [Reader, casebook at 746-751]

Berkeley Tech. L.J. 14 (1999)

Universal v. Corley, 273 F.3d 429; 2d Cir. (2001) [Online]

Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc. [Online]

Recommended Readings

Gallery of CSS Descramblers [Online]

"Free as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure of the Public Domain" Yochai Benkler [Online, 354]

N.Y.U. Law Review 74 (1999)

"A Hard Nut to Crack: Legal Protection of Technical Measures" Kamiel Koelman [Online, 272]

European Intellectual Property Review (June 2000)

Unintended Consequences: Five Years Under the DMCA [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Have the anti-circumvention rules of the DMCA changed the copyright balance?
    1. If so, how
    2. Is it better now or worse?
  2. Can you reconcile the views of Corley with Lexmark?
  3. What effect do you think rules like these have on software designers, researchers, and technology users, if any?
  4. If you could rewrite the DMCA, what if anything would you change?

April 21 : Thursday

The Collision of Trademarks and Information Location Technologies in Cyberspace 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

Required Readings

Brookfield Communications, Inc. v. West Coast Entertainment Corp., 174 F.3d 1036; 9th Cir. (1999) [Online, casebook at 683-692]

Playboy v. Netscape, 354 F.3d 1029; 9th Cir. (2004) [Online, Read only the Berzon concurrence]

1-800 Contacts v. WhenU, 02 Civ. 8043 (DAB) (2003) [Online, For background, skim pages 5-18, For discussion, read only "Likelihood of Confusion" on pages 52-76]

Geico v. Google Trial Transcript [Online at www.patentlyobviousblog.com, Read only pages 279-289]

Recommended Readings

"The Modern Lanham Act and the Death of Common Sense" Mark Lemley [Online, 1678]

YALE L.J. 108 (1999)

The Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act , 15 U.S.C. § 1125(d) [Online]

ICANN, Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy [Online]

Fair.com? An Examination of the Allegations of Systemic Unfairness in the ICANN UDRP, Michael Geist [Online]

Resources

Questions to Consider

  1. Do the traditional tests for trademark infringement and dilution work online?
    1. How do we tell which users are confused and which aren't?
    2. What about companies like Google? With millions of users, how can we tell what each one is experiencing?
  2. Is it possible to reference a trademark online without infringing or diluting it?
  3. What should the rules for trademarks on the internet be?
  4. What is the difference between West Coast Video and Google? Between WhenU and Google? Between meta-tags and sponsored links?
  5. How do the rules for keyword ad providers differ from those imposed for copyright and defamation?

April 28 : Thursday

Open Topic (Last class for Boalt students) 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

May 5 : Thursday

Open Topic (Last class for SIMS students) 

Lecturer: Jason Schultz

last updated on 2004-01-26 by Carolyn